Violet de gentiane cancerigene???

[Cecilinha]

Bonjour,

Je pense avoir une candidose mammaire, une consultante en lactation m'a conseillé d'appliquer du violet de gentiane pendant 3 jours.

Or, ma pharmacienne, après appel au pharmacien qui fait les dilutions dans ma ville (Toulouse), m'indique qu'ils n'en font plus car c'est cancérigène (A la place, il conseille une cc de bicarbonate de soude diluée dans 1/2 verre d'eau).

Je suis un peu surprise par cette information, et il me semblait important d'en parler ici car de nombreuses mamans en utilisent ou en ont utilisé.

J'aimerais connaître votre avis sur la question, car il est souvent proposé comme remède rapide et efficace dans les feuillets de lll.

Merci

 

[Myriam]

Bonsoir,

La Banque de Données Automatisée sur les Médicaments, BIAM, indique sur la fiche consacrée au Violet de Gentiane :

Effets sur la descendance
CANCEROGENE CHEZ L'ANIMAL
L'absorption systémique du violet de gentiane s'est révélée cancérogène chez l'animal (information à confirmer).

Pharmaco-Dépendance
NON

Posologie et mode d'administration
Doses usuelles :
- Usage externe : solution à 0,5%.
- Voie buccale :
ADULTES : cent quatre-vingt milligrammes par jour (180 mg/j) en trois prises.
ENFANTS : dix mg (10 mg) par année d'âge et par jour en trois cures de huit jours séparées par une semaine de repos.
La voie buccale n'est pas spécialisée en France actuellement.

Une animatrice avait fait une recherche approfondie sur le sujet. Elle a recherché les études indiquant un possible effet cancérigène tout en soulignant que le violet de gentiane est censé être appliqué très dilué, et pas être utilisé en quantité suffisante pour être avalé.

Elle concluait par le fait qu'il est possible que ce soit cancérigène, mais à des niveaux d'exposition considérablement plus élevés que ce qui est utilisé pour le traitement de la candidose. Elle terminait en soulignant que même l'eau à très haute dose est toxique pour l'organisme.

Voilà le bilan de ses recherches :

Une source d'infos détaillées avec références, c'est le site Wikipédia anglophone : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentian_violet

Voilà également les études dont il est question ci-dessus :

Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1985 Oct;5(5):902-12.
Chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity studies of gentian violet in mice.

Littlefield NA, Blackwell BN, Hewitt CC, Gaylor DW.

Abstract
Gentian violet is a dye belonging to a chemical class known as the di- and triaminophenylmethanes. Although it has been used for many years for the control of fungal and intestinal parasites, for various uses in veterinary medicine, and as an additive to the feed of chickens to inhibit propagation of mold and fungus, very few long-term toxicity data are available. A life span dosing study of gentian violet in the diet of 720 males and 720 females of B6C3F1 mice (C57BL/6 X C3H) at dose levels of 0, 100, 300, and 600 ppm was done to determine its toxicity and carcinogenicity. Sacrifices were conducted after 12, 18, and 24 months of continuous dosing. There was no effect on food consumption or body weight gain; however, a dose effect was noted for mortality rates. Mortality (adjusted for sacrifices) in the controls of both sexes was less than 15% at 24 months, but was approximately 64% in the females and 23% in the males given the high dose. Females appeared to be more susceptible than males. A positive dose response for hepatocellular carcinoma was noted in males at 24 months and in females at 18 and 24 months. Statistical tests for dose-related trends with respect to mortality due to liver neoplasms, prevalence of liver neoplasms, and time to onset of liver neoplasms showed positive trends in both males and females. Other dose-related toxicological responses, particularly in the female mice, included erythropoiesis in the spleen, atrophy of the ovaries, adenoma of the Harderian gland, and the presence of type A reticulum cell sarcomas in the urinary bladder, uterus, ovaries, and vagina. The estimation of risk of 10(-6) over background for malignant liver neoplasms using linear extrapolations showed a lower bound on the virtually safe dose (VSD) to be 2 ppb for the female mice and 1 ppb for the male mice. For benign and malignant liver tumors together, the lower bound on the VSD was essentially the same as for malignant liver neoplasm alone. Under the conditions of the experiment described above, gentian violet appears to be a carcinogen in mice at several different organ sites.


Food Chem Toxicol. 1989 Apr;27(4):239-47.
Chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity studies of gentian violet in Fischer 344 rats: two-generation exposure.

Littlefield NA, Gaylor DW, Blackwell BN, Allen RR.

Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration,
Jefferson, Arkansas 72079.

Abstract
A chronic feeding study was carried out in the F1a generation of dosed Fischer 344 rats of both sexes with gentian violet (GV). The test substance was administered in the diet to 570 male and 570 female rats at dose levels of 0 (control), 100, 300 and 600 ppm for 24 months. Rats were killed and necropsied after 12, 18 and 24 months of continuous dosing. Measurements of body weights, food consumption (and dose rate) and mortality and the results of histopathological examination were analysed statistically. Male and female rats fed 600 ppm GV for 24 months showed a decrease in body weights. Average food consumption based on g food/kg average body weight was essentially equal in all groups. Mortality at the end of the study (24 months) was approximately 33% in the controls for both males and females and approximately 66% in females of the high-dose group and 48 and 39% in males of the mid- and high-dose groups, respectively. All dose-related neoplastic pathology was noted at the final necropsy. Following 24 months of dosing, there was a significant difference from the controls in the incidence of follicular cell adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland for both males (600 ppm GV) and females (300 and 600 ppm GV). Although the incidences were very low, statistical analysis showed a significant difference from the controls for hepatocellular adenomas in the mid-dose group of the females and the mid- and high-dose groups of the males. A dose-time-related incidence of mononuclear cell leukaemia was also noted in the females. There was high background incidence of the leukaemia. Several non-neoplastic dose-related lesions were observed in both males and females, principally in the 18- and 24-month necropsies. Almost all of these lesions were focal changes in the liver, many of which were probably related to the mononuclear cell leukaemia.



Teratog Carcinog Mutagen. 1990;10(6):449-62.
Evaluation of the genotoxicity of gentian violet in bacterial and mammalian cell systems.

Aidoo A, Gao N, Neft RE, Schol HM, Hass BS, Minor TY, Heflich RH.

Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration,
Jefferson, Arkansas.

Abstract
Previous studies indicate that gentian violet (GV), a triphenylmethane dye used in agriculture and human medicine, is a clastogen in vitro and a carcinogen in chronically exposed mice and rats. Data on its genotoxic activity, however, have been incomplete and partly contradictory. Mutagenesis and DNA damage experiments were conducted to re-evaluate the genotoxic potential of GV in both bacterial and mammalian cell systems. GV was mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA97 and TA104, but there was little mutagenic activity detected in strains TA98 and TA100. A rat liver homogenate fraction (S9) tended to increase mutagenicity. The major microsomal metabolites of GV, entamethylpararosaniline and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylpararosaniline were less mutagenic in TA97 and TA104, while N,N,N',N"-tetramethylpararosaniline as a weak mutagen in Salmonella. GV was not mutagenic in Chinese hamster vary (CHO) cell strain CHO-K1-BH4, and was a questionable mutagen in CHO-AS52 cells. While GV produced DNA damage as measured by sedimentation of ucleotids derived from B6C3F1 mouse lymphocytes treated in vitro, no damage was found in lymphocytes isolated from mice dosed with GV. GV was also a weak producer of gene amplification in an SV40-transformed Chinese hamster cell line. The results indicate that GV is a point mutagen in bacteria; however, since similar exposure conditions produced weak mutagenic activity in mammalian cells, GV may be carcinogenic by virtue of its clastogenic activity.

Concernant les deux premiers résumés :
1 ppm = 1 partie par million, soit 1 mg par kilogramme.
Les rats ont été nourris à des concentrations de violet de gentiane de 100 à 600 ppm : soit de 0.1 g à 0.6 g de violet de gentiane par kilogramme de nourriture ingérée quotidiennement.

 

[Cecilinha]

Bonjour,

Merci pour ses informations intéressantes, c'est sûr qu'avec des applications très diluées pendant 3 jours seulement le potentiel cancérigène ne doit pas être bien élevé.

Quoiqu'il en soit, je ne pourrai pas m'en procurer à Toulouse (et malgré tout, cela m'a échaudée), donc je tente le bicarbonate de soude.

Cécile

 

[Cecilinha]

Je repasse par ici pour dire que le bicarbonate de sodium a été très efficace, dès les premières applications la douleur s'est atténuée!